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The Buried Record
Off Limits AmericaDeclassified EditionFile No. 0535
Racial Justice

They Burned Greenwood Down

In 1921 a white mob destroyed ‘Black Wall Street’ — the most prosperous Black neighborhood in America. Then the city spent decades pretending it never happened.

Greenwood, a district of Tulsa, Oklahoma, was known as Black Wall Street — a thriving community of Black-owned banks, hotels, theaters, churches, and homes. Over two days in the spring of 1921, a white mob burned it to the ground.

The Two Days

It began with a false accusation against a young Black man. A mob gathered, then descended on Greenwood, looting and burning some thirty-five blocks. Estimates of the dead run as high as 300. Thousands were left homeless. No one was ever convicted.

Exhibit A — The toll Up to 300 dead. Roughly 35 blocks burned. Convictions for the destruction: none.

The wealthiest Black neighborhood in America — gone in two days.

The Erasure

For most of a century, the massacre was left out of Oklahoma textbooks and official memory. It was filed as a “riot” — a label that helped deny survivors’ insurance claims. Only in recent years have investigators begun searching for the mass graves.

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For decades it was missing from the textbooks, the newspaper morgues, and the official count. A massacre, deliberately forgotten.

The Verdict Is Yours

You've Seen the File.

A whole neighborhood burned, hundreds likely dead, then erased from the record for decades. Forgotten — or buried?

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The Ground Breaking
Want to go deeper?

The Ground Breaking — Scott Ellsworth

The story of the massacre and the long fight to recover the truth — and the dead.

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